South India is the land of plantation crops.Among these tea is pre-eminent place inview of its popularity. Tea in South India is cultivated in the country of 1,20,181 hour angle history for 20.69 % of the national land area. Human resource is an of import factor for every industry to develop their industry. Since the female workers are engaged more than the male workers. The survey is to happen the socio-economic position of adult females employees in Tea plantation. The survey focal point on the life status, rewards, net incomes and socio security benefits. A sum of 60 respondent from Anamallais ( Valparai ) , Coimbatore form the sample. The questionnaire is the major tool in roll uping informations. Convenient trying techniques is involved. Percentage analysis is used for analysis and reading. The of import factor for their development and the job faced by the employees are besides identified.
Cardinal Wordss: Tea plantation, Socio-Economic position, adult females employees.
Introduction
South India is the land of plantation harvests. Among these harvests, tea occupies pre-eminent place in position of its popularity. The southern part, which includes Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Karnataka together contribute one-fourth portion of India ‘s tea production.South India is the 5th largest tea bring forthing belt following merely to North India, China, Sri Lanka and Kenya. The survey is conducted in the south Tamil Nadu, Anamallais part of Coimbatore.The lift of this scope of hills varies from 900 to 1600m.The survey is based on the nature of the work and besides their criterions in their employment. It is based on the primary informations collected from 60 employees via questionnaire.
Plantation Industries of South India
The plantation sector in India plays an critical function in the economic system of three Southern provinces, Kerala in Rubber, java, Spices, Tamil Nadu in Tea and Karnataka in java. The entire plantation country is estimated to be about 17.2 lakh hectares. The estimated value of plantation trade goods in 2010-2011 is Rs.33,486 crores.
Tea Plantation in South India
South India has been playing a major function in the planetary production, ingestion and export of tea. It continues to be a leader in national tea production. Tea in South India is cultivated in an country of 1,20,181 hour angle history for 20.69 % of the national land area. Area Under tea in Tamil Nadu has increased from 75,625 to 80,903 hour angle between 2001 and 2010, while in Kerala there has been a fringy addition in the country from 36,940 to 37,139 hour angle during the same period as above. In Karnataka the country is increased of 13 hour angle merely.
State-wise country ( in hour angle ) under tea cultivation
Year
TAMILNADU
KERALA
KARNATAKA
SOUTH INDIA
2001
75625
36940
2128
114693
2002
75619
36967
2128
114174
2003
75619
36967
2128
114174
2004
75978
37107
2128
115213
2005
80939
36772
2137
119823
2006
81279
36236
2141
119649
2007
80903
37139
2141
120181
2008
80903
37139
2141
120181
2009
80903
37139
2141
120181
2010
80903
37139
2141
120181
2011
80903
37139
2141
120181
Beginning: Tea Statistics and UPASI
Production and Productivity of Tea Plantation in South India
In the production sphere, South India occupied a prevailing function as one of the largest tea manufacturer in India. South India contributes about 25 % of the national end product and the industry has recorded enviable growing in production during the last one decennary from a degree of 203.12 m.kg in the twelvemonth 2001 to a record production of Tamil Nadu was ~171 m.kg and it was 67 m.kg in Kerala. Karnataka produces about 5.9 m.kg yearly
State- wise production from 2001 to 2010 ( m.kg )
Year
TAMIL NADU
KERALA
KARNATAKA
SOUTH INDIA
2001
131.83
65.85
5.44
203.12
2002
141.84
59.18
5.71
206.73
2003
166.57
58.01
5.27
229.85
2004
163.02
62.15
5.62
230.78
2005
154.60
67.03
5.38
227.01
2006
152.27
68.76
5.26
226.29
2007
153.13
61.83
5.03
219.99
2008
170.53
70.29
6.08
246.90
2009
169.36
68.96
5.81
244.13
2010
170.72
66.75
5.90
243.37
Beginning: Tea Statistics and UPASI
Tea industry in south India has made important gaits on productiveness forepart. As compared to the production in 2001 the end product had gone up by around 14 % by 2010. Much of the addition could be attributed to betterment in productiveness as the land under tea cultivation has shown as addition of five per cent merely. The average productiveness degree has risen from 1771 kg/ha during 2001 to 2025 kg/ha by 2010
State- wise output ( kg made tea/ha ) from 2001 to 2010
Year
TAMIL NADU
KERALA
KARNATAKA
SOUTH INDIA
2001
1751
1764
2615
1771
2002
1893
1563
2741
1802
2003
2203
1569
2446
2004
2004
2146
1675
2641
2003
2005
2022
1591
2545
1899
2006
2014
1641
2547
1910
2007
1984
1507
2423
1845
2008
2108
1893
2839
2054
2009
2093
1857
2740
2031
2010
2110
1798
2754
2025
Beginning: Tea Statistics and UPASI
Labour Status in South Indian Tea Plantation
Human resource is an of import factor for every industry to develop their industry. Compared to all other resource its function in the development of industry is critical. In tea plantation Industry both male and female workers are engaged in both lasting and impermanent footing. The pecuniary and non-monetary benefits every bit good as infra-structure installation is provided merely on the nature of employment. In tea plantation Industries the adult females workers are much involved instead than Men workers. This can be stated by the below informations of Labour statistics. The approximative informations on the workers of tea plantation in the Anamallais country is given below
Natureof employment
Male worker
Female worker
Entire
Permanent wave
4125
7151
11276
Impermanent
607
1001
1608
Entire
4732
8152
12884
Beginning: Survey informations
The Workers are supplying assorted installation provided such as pecuniary and non -monetary benefits. Under the pecuniary benefits for the lasting adult females workers get incentive, Bonus, Leave Travel Allowance, Dearness Allowance and pregnancy benefit and as an non pecuniary benefits they receive Free medical installation for them and their dependant, For 20 worked yearss they get one twenty-four hours go forth with rewards as one-year leave as per their worked yearss, 14 yearss ill leave, Maternity leave for 3 months, Free rented houses for all the employees and foundling hospital installation for their kids. Temporary employees if they work for 90 yearss they will besides acquire bonus benefit and pregnancy benefit, inducements, foundling hospital installation and free rented house.
Measures
The study questionnaire was divided into four subdivisions. First two inquiries is an unfastened ended inquiry. Third inquiry has four bomber inquiry related to the populating status of the adult females workers. Fourth inquiry has four bomber inquiry concern to their rewards and gaining and the 5th inquiry has the inquiry related to the societal security benefits of adult females workers in Tea Plantation Industry. From the 3rd inquiry till the 5th inquiry two point grading and three points scaling is formed as per the inquiry.
Unit of measurement of Analysis and Sampling
The population for this survey is 60 adult females employees of assorted tea plantation Industries of Anamallais of Coimbatore territory, TamilNadu. The questionnaire was prepared and issued to 10 adult females workers in estates of Anamallais viz. Parry Agro Industries, Jayshree Tea Industries, BBTC, Tata Coffee, Wood Briar group.
Methodology
The survey used a cross-sectional research method which allowed the research workers to incorporate the related literature, the in-depth interview, the pilot survey and the existent study as the chief process for informations aggregation. The usage of this method would lend to accurate and high quality data.The informations aggregation procedure, the research worker Begin with an interview for which interview inquiry covering three issues: Living status, rewards and gaining and societal security benefits of the adult females workers of Tea plantation Industries. These three issues help to foretell the societal and Economic position of adult females workers at the tea plantation sectors.
Socio-Economic Profile of the Women Employees
Tea Plantation Industries most employees employed are adult females due to heavy work burden and less rewards installation they are confronting many jobs. The adult females workers in the plantation are engaged in 8 hours work. The wage is revised signifier Rs.102 to Rs.154 per twenty-four hours but besides they are non able to carry through their demands. The table1, reflects that 87.7 % of the respondent belongs to get married and 13.3 % being individual in their matrimonial position. Under nature of Employment 63.3 % is lasting and 36.7 % is impermanent workers. Therefore, it is clear that the most of the respondent are lasting employment. In the degree of instruction 56.7 % are literate and 43.3 % are illiterate. 70 % belong to little household size ( 1-3 members ) ,20 % belongs to medium size ( 1-5 members ) and 10 % belongs to big household size ( above 5 members ) . This shows that the most of the respondent belongs to little household size. 3.3 % of the adult females worker receive their rewards daily, since they are engaged in contract work, 30 % of the worker receive their rewards hebdomadally because they are impermanent workers and 66.7 % receive their salary monthly since they are lasting. 58.3 % eligible for provident fund recovery and 41.7 % non eligible for the recovery. That is all the industries recover provident fund for the lasting workers but merely few industries deduct the provident fund for impermanent workers. From the position of the answering 60 % of the respondent receives the fillip decently and quickly and 40 % do n’t have their fillips decently and quickly. 98.3 % says that they are non equal with the wage provided and 1.7 % are equal with the salary.60 % of the respondent is provided with 1 remainder interval, 40 % is provided with 2 remainder interval and no 1 have 3 remainder interval. 100 % all the workers are provided with free rented houses.76.7 % provided with pregnancy benefits and 23.3 % are non provided pregnancy benefit. 96.7 % has creche installation and 3.3 % they do n’t hold creche installation for their kids. The survey reveals that the salary construction for the employees are non equal to carry through their twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours demands and they are hankering for high pay because they do n’t hold any other concern or work apart from this employment. The plantation associations and the authorities together should look in to the affair in the addition of the wage of the workers of the tea plantation industries which makes them to work with more involvement for the growing of the tea plantation sector.
Table 1: Socio-Economic factor of the adult females employees
Variable
Categorization
Number of Respondent
Percentage
1.i ) Marital position
Married
52
86.7
Single
8
13.3
Entire
60
100.0
two ) Nature of employment
Permanent wave
38
63.3
Impermanent
22
36.7
Entire
60
100.0
three ) Educational degree
Literate
34
56.7
Illiterate
26
43.3
Entire
60
100.0
four ) Family size
Small Family ( 1-3 members )
42
70.0
Medium Family ( 1-5 members )
12
20.0
Large Family ( Above 5 members )
6
10.0
Entire
60
100.0
2.i ) Pay Period
Daily
2
3.3
Weekly
18
30.0
Monthly
40
66.7
Entire
60
100.0
two ) Provident Fund tax write-off
Deducted
35
58.3
Not deducted
25
41.7
Entire
60
100.0
three ) Bonus payment
Bonus Paid
36
60.0
Bonus non Paid
24
40.0
Entire
60
100.0
four ) Wage adequateness
Adequate
1
1.7
Not Adequate
59
98.3
Entire
60
100.0
3.i ) Rest interval
One Time interval
36
60.0
Two Time interval
24
40.0
Three Time interval
0
0.0
Entire
60
100.0
two ) Housing Facility
Provided
60
100.0
Not provided
0
0.0
Entire
60
100.0
three ) Maternity Benefit
Provided
46
76.7
Not Provided
14
23.3
Entire
60
100.0
four ) Creche Facility
Provided
58
96.7
Not Provided
2
3.3
Entire
60
100.0
Decision
An in deepness is conducted to happen the socio-economic position of adult females employees in Tea Industries. The inquiries are framed to understand about the life status, Employment position, gaining, rewards and benefits. From the respondent position, the research worker gather the in deepness position of the adult females employees in the tea plantation. The nature of work is really difficult, they are engaged in eight hours work. The employees have no concern other than plantation work. Since the part environing the plantation remain undeveloped so that the employees have no beginning of other employment to better their life manner. The present wage is non equal to run their household. They are taking hapless position. They are non able to supply rich instruction to their kids. Merely thing they appreciate is that they have free rented house and revenue enhancement free H2O installation. So, they are disappointed with the salary construction, they are hankering for alteration of salary. This state of affairs can be changed to some extent if the Government and Planters ‘ Association take some step.
