Introduction
The displacement towards the tendency of modern and modern-day manner in architecture have resulted a divergence from the traditional restricted methodological procedure of designs. This has allowed interior decorators to generalize out of the ordinary square and addition inspiration and integrate thoughts from the unexpected. This has led to an effusion of assorted new architectural theories. This design undertaking involved planing a public library at a given location, and is comprised of four constituents which I believe are built-in parts of architecture: context, construct, programme and experience. The context describes the fortunes that surround the design undertaking of the library. Concept is the usage of thoughts and subject that is outside architecture. Programme describes the map of the edifice and eventually, experience is what is perceived by the individual.
The Context
The site for this studio is at the hamlets of Symonds Street, Mt Eden Road and New North Road, which is close to Newton Road and Khyber Pass. Before planing any edifices of any map, it is critical to take into history the history and the current position of the surrounding. This country is one of the most important junctions of travel paths in the metropolis, and was one time an intense country of commercial activity. However, this country has undergone many transmutations throughout clip ; some of the neighbouring edifices had been demolished and morphed into other utilizations ( i.e. the Post office is presently used as a eating house. ) Therefore, the library had to be designed in a manner that reinvigorates the site surrounding- by foremost going a landmark that attract the people and secondly, giving the edifice meaningful to the visitants. The three neighboring edifice of the site are the reservoir ( behind ) , eating house ( left ) and a saloon ( right ) .
Conceptualism
Architecture of the yesteryear was to a great extent focused on the aesthetics and the designers were guided entirely by theories of “ trade and building ” ( hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conceptual_architecture ) . However, architecture today involves “ debut of thoughts and constructs from outside of architecture ” ( hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conceptual_architecture ) runing from graphics, text, and to music. This extrapolation creates a sense of freedom by presenting the thought of individuality. Peter Eisenman defines of conceptual architecture as an “ facet of the seeable signifier, whether it is an thought, in a drawing or in a edifice, which is deliberately put in the signifier to supply entree to the interior signifier or cosmopolitan formal relationships ” ( Architecture theory since 1968 pg 523 ) Unlike theories, constructs “ do non demand starkness, rational decision and consistence in application ” ( Conceptual Architecture, pg 8 ) which once more adds to the sense of freedom and originality. This freedom and originality are what I believe keeps the universe of architecture to invariably travel frontward.
Le Corbusier, one of the innovators of modern architecture, highlighted the importance of holding constructs in design procedure. Le Corbusier strived to accomplish better life environment that is less herding and more hygienic via lodging constructs, which incorporated a assortment thoughts including crab shells, aircraft wings and hydraulic dikes to work out structural job of the roof. He used the “ scheme of concentrating on the large issues and go forthing elaborate considerations until subsequently in the procedure. ” The Chapel of Ronchamp as an Example of Le Corbusier ‘s Creative Process, by Daniele Pauly ( from H. Allen Brooks ( erectile dysfunction ) , Le Corbusier, Princeton University Press, 1987 ) pg 8
One of the landmarks that attract most attending while standing on the intersection is Mount Eden, which is among few of the most visually outstanding vents in Auckland. The library was based on the inspiration that originated from Mt Eden and its geological volcanic construction. The tegument and the beds of dirts, stones and lava were metaphorically translated in the architectural linguistic communication of layering: the tegument was interpreted as the bed tegument of the edifice and the beds of dirt and lava were seen as the layering of interior infinite. In add-on to this, the floor degrees were somewhat corrugated so that it illustrates the abstract signifier of fluctuation of the degree of the dirt that is piled below surface. The partitioned wall system was the solution in making the ocular inside layering and the abnormality of its positioning re-emphasised the asymmetric volcanic beds. Unlike the vent where the beds are stacked up vertically, the library involved layering on a skyline so that although non seeable from the outside, visitants could personally see the layering of the infinite while they circulate around the edifice.
The conceptual attack to the architectural design involved utilizing thoughts from subject other than architecture including inspiration from art. The manner in which these beds were revealed or presented to the populace was influenced by the work of a New Zealand creative person, Rohan Weallean. Weallean is good known for infinitely layering pigment of assorted colorss on sculptures and utilizing a craft-knife to uncover the colourful stratified interior. Glass was used to organize the walls of the library so that the inside can be seen from the exterior. The transparence of the walls seems as if the outer walls have been peeled off as in Weallean ‘s plants, in order to uncover the interesting position of layering of the walls to the passersby.
Painting by Theo new wave Doesburg ( 1918 ) and program for the Barcelona Pavilion, by Mies van der Rohe ( 1927 ) :
Painting by Kasimir Malevich ( 1915 ) :
Designs by Zaha Hadid for the Media Park, Dusseldorf ( c.1990 ) :
PROGRAM- The Library
Buildings are merely activated once it has a plan, i.e. a map. Depending on what the map is, the spacial agreement will differ due to practicality and efficiency. Rob Bruijnzeels discusses the design standard for a library- that it is a infinite for books, and besides a infinite for readers. He defines library as a ‘tool for personal alteration ‘ . ( Tomorrow ‘s library, Volume, pg 15 )
The authoritative image that comes in head from the word library is of pupils softly reading books or analyzing for the test. The library will lose its map if pupils are non able to read and analyze in peaceable silence. However, bulk of the libraries besides have countries that allow lively conversations, such as the cafe , group treatment suites and kids rumpus rooms. It is of import for the library to incorporate both countries, and efficaciously divide it so that both maps are non lost.
The Mount Eden Library consists of three floors: Ground floor, first floor and cellar, which can besides be described in footings of beds. The land floor has the chief entryway from the street. Equally shortly as the visitant enters the edifice he or she will be in a big country of null infinite for people to pass on and socialize. Further on the left is the chief country where bookshelves are located and this country is for soundless reading and survey. Opposite here is the country for the library staffs. The stairwaies are the chief path of perpendicular circulation around the edifice, and at that place besides is an lift available merely for those with handicapped mobility. Immediately above the soundless country on the top floor is another country for books and silent survey. Behind the internal wall that separates the silent and discoursing countries are the cafe , group study country and besides another nothingness infinite, once more available for socializing. Further in to the right is the quiet reading room where you could loosen up and bask the position of Mount Eden that lies on the South.
Order and Spatial Organisation
In general, bulk of modern manner architecture has great accent on the symmetricalness and the regularity as it traditionally means “ pureness and harmoniousness ” ( Frampton )
This library is in non-orthogonal grids due to its complex agreement of the interior walls. As the internal walls have ocular complexness, all other program had to be simplified for more efficient circulation around the chief book infinite. One of the biggest troubles was the placing of the columns as assorted considerations were required ; including the convenience of the visitants ‘ circulation around the edifice and besides the ocular visual aspect. I placed the columns at each of the corners of the walls in order to carry through both demands.
‘Willis edifice ‘ , which was originally called the ‘Willis Faber and Dumas Headquarters ‘ was designed by the English designer by Norman Foster. I was genuinely inspired by his successful attack in spacial administration and his usage of unfastened infinite. ( Evaluation: a edifice that succeeds in losing itself, pg 63 ) As clip base on ballss, the freshly opened library will travel through assorted alterations such as necessitating to put excess bookshelves due to the debut of more books and besides changes in the survey desk Numberss and agreements depending on the figure of pupils that visit the library to analyze. Whether it is “ spread outing or shriveling ” ( Library design ushers pg 20 ) infinites, the presence of unfastened infinite makes it easier to do transmutations. The Mount Eden Library incorporates unfastened infinite for reading and besides null infinite for socializing so that the library flexible and can rapidly react to “ future alterations ” ( Library design ushers pg 20 )
ARCHITECTURE OF EXPERIENCE
Aristotle describes five senses of our organic structure as sight, touch, hear, odor and gustatory sensation. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp? artid=479 & A ; letter=S ) Using this to an architectural sense, a individual is able to see the form and colors, touch the textures of the rug, hear the reverberation across the corridor and odor that last coating of pigment on the walls. Good nutrient in a relaxing environment will besides add as a plussage to the feeling of the topographic point. All senses are able to trip non merely an emotional response but besides bring up memories. Out of the five senses, which are all considered of import, the chief focal point in architecture is normally the “ sight ” as aesthetics is portrayed easier through ocular experience via tools such as picture taking.
Different spacial designs and agreements allow people gain differing experiences. It may trip emotional response of relaxation and comfort, or even the antonym. For centuries, infinite Numberss of edifices have aimed to “ achieve the province felicity ” ( constructing felicity pg6 ) and today ; many edifices strive to appeal to the populace as a beginning of flight from the busy and complex metropolis life.
The theories Louis Kahn, the great American designer, based his work had greatest influence on this library. Kahn was described as a “ philosopher among designers ” ( hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Kahn ) who believed that “ architecture is the thoughtful devising of infinites ” . ( http: //architect.architecture.sk/louis-isadore-kahn-architect/louis-isadore-kahn-architect.php ) Kahn ingeniously combined and weaved the usual “ scientific discipline of architecture, and our cognition of the functional demands of the infinites and the building ” ( Building happiness pg29 ) with the “ ideals, dreams, aspirations, feelings, imaginativenesss, and intuition ” ( Building happiness pg29 ) in order to make infinite that provides what people genuinely need in order to do them happy. This needed deep cognition in the country of non lone architecture but besides doctrine and psychological science. Through his work, he strived to excite all senses of the human organic structure by taking history of the “ impact of visible radiation and shadiness, signifier and stuff, texture and tactual sensation, elation and weight ” ( Building happiness pg29 ) and besides the “ impact of sound and acoustics ” ( Building happiness pg29 ) and how these work together to act upon person who moves within the edifice.
Lighting is one of the indispensable elements that can command how one positions and see within the library. Illumination is described as the “ symbol of cleanliness, pureness, cognition and Eden ” . ( Concepts and Practice of Architectural Daylighting, pg3 ) Kahn stresses the importance of daylighting and emphasised that “ natural visible radiation is the lone visible radiation that makes architecture ” as it is something everyone portions in common. ( Kimbel Museum pg237 ) The glass drape wall that wraps the frontage towards the street front allows visible radiation to come through into the library edifice. Use of low emissivity glass prevented inordinate radiation and emanation of beaming energy, avoiding overheating. The irregular highs of the ceiling was non merely to reemphasise the construct of ‘layering ‘ but besides to take advantage of clearstories as softer visible radiation is created in comparing to skylight as it allows visible radiation to resile off more surfaces. This allows one to see a much more relaxed and friendly environment.
Internal walls were used in order to make distinguishable contrast between the public societal infinite such as the coffeehouse, and quiet working infinite such as the survey room. ‘Grande Bibliotheque du Quebec ‘ , a library in Canada designed by Patkau Architects, uses big slatted “ xanthous birch facing ” ( web site ) to divide the two chief reading suites which required different ambiances. I was greatly inspired by how they created the sense of alteration in ambiance without really to the full spliting up the infinite and excepting each other with concrete walls. Therefore, this thought was applied to my library by holding each of the long dividers to be made in slatted volumes and in square forms. Furthermore, The slatted and square patterned holes creates an semblance of excess capaciousness in a little country, the same manner a window is used to visually widen your position, and experience as if you are in a wider infinite. The usage of natural stuffs such as wood adds friendliness to the library.
The control of thermic conduction was non merely through the usage of low emissivity glass but besides through the usage of dual tegument facade. This is the usage of two beds of glass alternatively of one in order to better the thermic comfort experienced by visitants. This is due to the addition in energy efficiency by duplicating the consequence of the low emissivity glass, betterment in insularity and besides the improved noise control via acoustic isolation from the out-of-doorss.
Decision
In a nutshell, the four constituents: context, construct, programme and experience, are critical countries that must be taken into history for all architectural design. These constituents work together to equilibrate out architectural theories, aesthetics, originality, practicality, efficiency, and flexibleness to alter. Great trade of attempt was made in order to integrate all these constituents into the Mount Eden Library ; to plan a library that reinvigorates the country utilizing the library resources along with its somewhat unusual but appealing design, extrapolate out of the ordinary and integrated constructs such as the volcanic beds to make originality, maximise map while retaining the aesthetics and make a restful environment that provides visitants with positive experience which will convey them back in the hereafter.
