Purpose-
The intent of this survey is to happen out the of import economic factors influenced severely by the population detonation in Pakistan and what are the factors set uping the overall economic loss due to this population addition.
Design/ Methodology/ approach-
The existence of this survey is the widely distributed metropolis of Karachi. The survey was based on primary beginning of informations for this purpose study method was used by Closed ended Questionnaire. In Measurement Scale we used 5-Likert Scales as a tool for informations aggregation & A ; the sample Nature was chosen on Convenient Sampling.
Research restriction — — –
The survey had certain restrictions and those restrictions included clip and resources restraints which limited our research to merely metropolis of Karachi.
Findingss — — –
During the survey we found out some really interesting and conceptual development among the common work forces and adult females sing the population issue. First one is understanding of importance of the household and its function in the economic growing both personal and national involvement. Second one the consciousness among the work forces and adult females sing their ain demands. Most of the people belong to middle or lower in-between category, but they are really good cognizant about the jobs of both economic system and their households due to the population.
Decision — –
The importance of population control and develop the bing population in the human resource is the biggest challenge we have. In Pakistan the programs for development are graphic, scrambled and self centered. How of all time the programs and policies must be peoples friendly.
The 2nd most of import thing is deficiency of consciousness among people that immense households are non the solutions of their fiscal jobs. In fact the deficiency of human development attempts and its importance in the common work forces heads is the cardinal issue in this respect.
Key word — — -Population bomb, Economic development.
Introduction
In states like Pakistan, where the chances of instruction and health care is non really much the fast turning population is doing the current supply line even thinner. Slow economic growing as compared to neighbouring China and India who has inundation of population but they utilized this inundation into economic development strategically. Research has found that with a really immature and vernal age construction, in which at least 60 per centum of the population is younger than 30, like Pakistan, are more likely to hold bossy administration and face eruptions of civilA struggle.
Pakistan is confronting formidable challenges of undertaking the issues of economic development, population control, Law and order, Education, Health attention and poorness decrease. In the aftermath of turning population, the heightening demand for the investings in nutrient security, proviso of employment chances and lodging are going a load on the economic system. Without population stabilisation, turn toing the critical issues, such a planetary heating, biodiversity, the environment, energy, food/water supplies, migration and security is highly hard.
Pakistan ‘s economic system depends to a great extent on agribusiness. It accounts for about 31 per centum of our gross domestic merchandise ( GDP ) , and we found that about 65 % of our labour force is engaged in this of import sector. Since the absence of effectual H2O direction and reservoir system, most agribusiness is dependent on H2O supplied through about 40,000 stat mis of irrigation canals, the 4th largest canal system in the universe. We all know that wheat is the chief nutrient harvest in Pakistan, followed by rice, millet, maize, pulsations, barley, veggies and fruits. Cotton and Basmati rice are by far the most of import hard currency harvests, conveying in valuable foreign exchange. Other harvests include sugar cane, baccy, oil seeds.
In the developed states, agribusiness supports fewer people but it required lesser investings due to the tremendous growing in capital intensive investings in the last 3 decennaries. In such states lesser individuals engaged straight in the agribusiness. Machines are the chief beginning of labour which cost lesser and mistake free productions in lesser clip as good.
In the development universe the jobs of poorness, population growing, environmental pollution, gardening harm, commissariats of changeless supply of basic nutrient points is going the ague jobs due to the economic failing. Developing states, including Pakistan, need more people trained in agribusiness, gardening, nutrient engineering and the assorted scientific disciplines connected thereto in order to be able to do better usage of the limited resources.
In Pakistan, the pressing demand for economic resource direction system which provides accurate information sing the handiness of resources and its chance cost computation and the development to an extent where it generates capital addition. At that point where this peculiar beginning non merely developed but able to prosecute every bit much population as it can be with the least possible cost with the immense borders of capital additions excessively.
The two biggest jobs confronting Pakistan today is uncontrolled population growing and the urbanisation of fertile land. The worst affected countries are in Punjab, including Sahiwal, Okara, Vehari, and Multan, where 100s of 1000s of estates of fertile land are being lost to lodging settlements. Beside urbanisation, big countries of fertile land are being lost to salt every bit good.
Pakistan has the highest population growing in the universe, what of all time the Governments claims sing the success in population control, the dismaying nose count figure tells the true narrative. At the clip of divider, the population of West and East Pakistan together was barely 80 million. After the separation of Bangladesh, our population was 80-85 million. Now it is around 180 million – impossible for a underdeveloped state to get by with. The population growing rate is about 5.277 % . In a universe where the states like China and Bangladesh who controlled their population growing rate from 3 % to less than 1 % . They about controlled the fast turning population and reflects this control in their economic growings every bit good.
In Pakistan we must educate our population, particularly the rural one sing the quality of life, instruction, and wellness attention so they plan to curtail the size of the household. This should be done on inducement oriented designs and authorities merely ease two babes.
Population detonation leads to uncontrolled enlargement of residential countries. To avoid this, a rigorous codification of be aftering cities/towns should be enforced. No extensions on fertile lands should be allowed and such lodging settlements should be built on non-fertile lands merely. If we do non take drastic steps now, this state of ours wo n’t hold adequate infinite left to turn anything — there wo n’t be adequate to eat and non plenty to cover our organic structures with. Clean high-rise edifices with shopping/workshop centres on non-fertile land are the demand of the twenty-four hours.
Purpose OF THE STUDY
The primary aim of this research is to measure the assorted factors that influence the economic growing with high rate of population growing.
Following are the secondary aims of this research.
To measure the factors for population growing set uping the economic development
To measure, how high growing rate of Population can be utile for our economic system.
To measure how the urbanisation effects the economic growing.
To measure that how idle resources can be use for economic growing.
To measure those factors that can turn economic system upwind population rate is high.
To measure the effects of Government policies on economic growing with high rate of population.
LITERATURE REVIEW
INTERNATIONAL SCENARIO OF POPULATION
In 2008, the universe reaches an unseeable but momentous milepost: For the first clip in history, more than half its human population, 3.3 billion people, will be populating in urban countries. By 2030, this is expected to swell to about 5 billion. Many of the new urbanites will be hapless. Their hereafter, the hereafter of metropoliss in developing states, the hereafter of humanity itself, all depend really much on determinations made now in readying for this growing.
Here is the statistics of universe population growth.World Population: 1950-2050
The universe population increased from 3 billion in 1959 to 6 billion by 1999, a duplicating that occurred over 40 old ages. The Census Bureau ‘s latest projections imply that population growing will go on into the twenty-first century, although more easy. The universe population is projected to turn from 6 billion in 1999 to 9 billion by 2045, an addition of 50 per centum that is expected to necessitate 46 old ages.
World Economic Growth
The International Monetary Fund has boosted its universe economic growing estimation for following twelvemonth, but says the planetary recovery will be weak.
In a new study, the IMF says it expects the universe economic system to shrivel by 1.4 per centum this twelvemonth, but expand by 2.5 per centum in 2010. The new growing projection is up from a 1.9 per centum estimation issued in April. IMF Research Director Olivier Blanchard:
“ The good intelligence is that the forces down are diminishing in strength, said Blanchard. “ The bad intelligence is that the forces drawing the economic system up are still really weak ” .
Blanchard says an anaemic recovery is on the manner, one that “ ab initio will non bring forth plenty occupations to change by reversal lifting planetary unemployment rates. He says developing economic systems will see a quicker and more marked recovery than advanced industrialised states ” .
“ End product in advanced states is forecast to worsen by 3.8 per centum in 2009 before turning at a low 0.6 per centum in 2010, ” he said. “ By contrast, end product in emerging market states is forecast to turn at 1.5 per centum in 2009 and 4.7 per centum in 2010. ”
Urbanization: –
While the universe ‘s urban population grew really quickly ( from 220 million to 2.8 billion ) over the twentieth century, the following few decennaries will see an unprecedented graduated table of urban growing in the underdeveloped universe. This will be peculiarly noteworthy in Africa and Asia where the urban population will duplicate between 2000 and 2030: That is, the accrued urban growing of these two parts during the whole span of history will be duplicated in a individual coevals. By 2030, the towns and metropoliss of the underdeveloped universe will do up 81 per cent of urban humanity.
The addition in the urban portion of entire population-is inevitable, but it can besides be positive. The current concentration of poorness, slum growing and societal break in metropoliss does paint a baleful image: Yet no state in the industrial age has of all time achieved important economic growing without urbanisation. Cities concentrate poorness, but they besides represent the best hope of get awaying it.
Cities besides embody the environmental harm done by modern civilisation ; yet experts and policymakers progressively recognize the possible value of metropoliss to long-run sustainability. If metropoliss create environmental jobs, they besides contain the solutions. The possible benefits of urbanisation far outweigh the disadvantages: The challenge is in larning how to work its possibilities.
In 1994, the Program of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development called on authoritiess to “ react to the demand of all citizens, including urban homesteaders, for personal safety, basic substructure and services, to extinguish wellness and societal jobs. More late, the United Nations Millennium Declaration drew attending to the turning significance of urban poorness, stipulating, in Target 11, the modest aspiration of accomplishing by 2020 “ a important betterment in the lives of at least 100 million slum inhabitants ” .
So far, attending has centered largely on immediate concerns, jobs such as how to suit the hapless and better life conditions ; how to bring forth employment ; how to cut down metropoliss ‘ ecological footmark ; how to better administration ; and how to administrate progressively complex urban systems.
These are all evidently of import inquiries, but they shrink in comparing with the jobs raised by the at hand future growing of the urban population. Up to now, policymakers and civil society organisations have reacted to challenges as they arise. This is no longer plenty. A preemptive attack is needed if urbanisation in developing states is to assist work out societal and environmental jobs, instead than do them catastrophically worse.
The present Report therefore attempts to look beyond current jobs, existent, pressing and affecting though they are. Yet, it is besides a call to action. The Report tries to hold on the deductions of the at hand doubling of the underdeveloped universe ‘s urban population and discusses what needs to be done to fix for this monolithic addition. It looks more closely at the demographic procedures underlying urban growing in developing countries and their policy deductions. It specifically examines the effects of the urban passage for poorness decrease and sustainability.
It surveys the differing conditions and demands of hapless urban adult females and work forces, and the obstructions they face as they strive to claim their rights and recognize their possible as productive members of the new urban universe.
Although mega-cities have received most of the attending, conditions in smaller urban countries call for even greater consideration. Contrary to general belief, the majority of urban population growing is likely to be in smaller metropoliss and towns, whose capablenesss for planning and execution can be extremely weak. Yet the world-wide procedure of deconcentrating governmental powers is heaping greater duty on them. As the population of smaller metropoliss additions, their thin managerial and planning capacities come under mounting emphasis. New ways will hold to be found to fit them to be after in front for enlargement, to utilize their resources sustainably and to present indispensable services.
FertilityRate
The term entire birthrate rate is used to depict the entire figure of kids the mean adult females in a population is likely to hold based on current birth rates throughout her life. The figure, which ranges from more than 7 kids per adult female in developing states in Africa to around 1 kid per adult female in Eastern European and highly-developed Asiatic states.
About 35 states have entire birthrate rates ( TFRs ) of 1.5 kids or below. Such a development may signal a longer-term alteration in childbearing in industrialised societies than was one time thought.
Environmental Problems
Harmonizing to Population Connection, population growing since 1950 is behind the glade of 80 per centum of rain forests, the loss of 10s of 1000s of works and wildlife species, an addition in nursery gas emanations of some 400 per centum and the development or commercialisation of every bit much as half of the Earth ‘s surface land.
Is Access to Contraception an Environmental Imperative?
In less developed states, deficiency of entree to deliver control, every bit good as cultural traditions that encourage adult females to remain place and hold babes, lead to rapid population growing. The consequence is of all time increasing Numberss of hapless people across Africa, the Middle East, Southeast Asia, and elsewhere who suffer from undernourishment, deficiency of clean H2O, overcrowding, unequal shelter, and AIDS and other diseases
High-Consumption Lifestyles Exacerbate Problems of Population Growth
And while population Numberss in most developed states are leveling off or decreasing today, high degrees of ingestion make for a immense drain on resources. Americans, who represent merely 4 per centum of universe population, consume 25 per centum of all resources.
Industrialized states besides contribute far more to climate alteration, ozone depletion and overfishing than developing states. And as more and more occupants of developing states get entree to Western media, or immigrate to the United States, they want to emulate the consumption-heavy life styles they see on their telecastings and read about on the Internet.
Population OF PAKISTAN
Pakistan ‘s population has increased from 34 million in 1951 to 144 million in mid 2001. The add-on of over 108 million Pakistanis in merely five decennaries is due to the high population growing rates in the last 30 old ages. Continuing high population growing will amount to Pakistan ‘s population making 220 million by the twelvemonth 2020. Coupled with hapless human development indexs such as low literacy, high baby mortality and low economic growing rates, such a big population will sabotage attempts being undertaken to cut down poorness and to better the criterions of life of the public.
While Population Growth Rate ( PGR ) has declined from over 3 per centum in old decennaries to its current degree of 2.1 per centum per annum, Pakistan still has an intolerably high rate of growing compared to other developing states. Therefore the Government of Pakistan is attaching the highest precedence to the lowering of the population growing rate ( PGR ) from its current degree to 1.9 per centum per annum by the twelvemonth 2004 and to making replacement degree of birthrate by the twelvemonth 2020.
Pakistan is faced with its ever-largest adolescent population, because of its high degrees of birthrate over the last few decennaries and its really recent birthrate diminution. The adolescent population, in the age group of 15-24, as it enters into its generative stage embodies possible population growing for several decennaries. It constitutes population impulse in the hereafter that has serious deductions for proviso of schooling, wellness services and other basic comfortss of life for the coming decennaries.
The Population Welfare Program has been able to make cosmopolitan consciousness about household planning with the current prophylactic prevalence rate of 30 percent.A The challenge is to guarantee uninterrupted usage by current users and increase bing CPR by run intoing the per centum unmet demand for household planning services of presently married adult females along with prolonging the demand of new entrants in the generative age group.
REASONS AND IMPACT OF HIGH POPULATION: –
Over one tierce of Pakistanis are populating in poorness. The impact of population growing on poorness is obvious, since poorer households, particularly adult females and marginalized groups bear the load of a big figure of kids with much fewer resources further adding to the spiral of poorness and impairment in the position of adult females. This big portion of the population is constrained to populate in hapless lodging and sanitation conditions and deficiency of entree to safe imbibing H2O. In peculiar, income poorness leads to force per unit areas on nutrient ingestion and adversely affects thermal consumptions and increasing malnutrition in poorer households and contributes to high degrees of kid and maternal morbidity and mortality. Furthermore, rapid population growing contributes to environmental debasement and depletion of natural resources.
The kineticss of Pakistan ‘s demographic variables compel that a argus-eyed oculus be kept on the phenomena of population growing. The Population Policy of Pakistan 2002 is in congruity with the ICPD paradigm displacement to holistic attention of the household, client centered quality attention in household planning & A ; RH. The authorities ‘s Poverty Reduction Strategy and the Population Sector position Plan 2012 model sets out betterments in the quality of life of all individuals, including kids, striplings, grownups, and aged, both male and female.A A
Population and development inter-relationships have been elaborated most comprehensively in the ICPD Program of Action in 1994 to which Pakistan is a signer. The chief push of ICPD is that each state brings into balance its resources with population through a policy, which is in conformity with its ain societal, cultural, spiritual and political worlds.
This Population Policy is designed to accomplish societal and economic resurgence by controling rapid population growing and thereby cut downing its inauspicious effects for development. It is intended to accomplish a decrease in dependence ratios, to relieve force per unit areas on dwindling resources and to assist in the decrease of poorness. The Population Policy has several wide-ranging effects for the economic system, civil order, human rights and the long-run prosperity of Pakistan.
The Population Policy is the result of a participatory procedure and enjoys the consensus of all stakeholders and spouses, within authorities, NGOS and, civil society.
Effects OF POPULATION ON ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT PROCESS
Cause of Failure in Future Plans
High population growing does the miracles with the hereafter Plans and undertakings. With the high population growing it is merely impossible to be after. What of all time the undertaking or plan authorities take up it fails miserably. The ground is simple. The growing rate is 5.277 % and GDP growing rate is 2.1 % it means that the GDP growing is lesser 3.177 negatively. When authorities attempt to be after for a 10 twelvemonth long project the most of import analysis is non cost benefit analysis but population and public-service corporation analysis. Because if a undertaking is planned for 1 million people after 10 old ages the population will be 1.55 million, Almost 55 % addition which make that undertaking useless.
GDP growing neutralisation
What happened if the population growing in China could non be controlled with a population of 1 billion. There 9 % GDP growing can non be plenty for their state ‘s development. Even though the GDP growing rate is far higher than a normal developing state, the size of population and its growing decided the destiny of the state.
Pakistan is the best illustration a state which is on the developing way, ne’er fought a war after 71, but still populating on the border of poorness line. What of all time the development program is, the population growing neutralizes the whole attempt.
Staple Food Deficits
In the decennary between 1980-90 Pakistan exported about every basic nutrient point. The monetary values of these points were on the lower side of the index. But after 20 old ages the population is more than double and the GDP growing of 4 % and Food supplies production is about doubled but high demand of investing inputs such as fertilisers, pesticides, expensive labour and electricity made it expensive every bit good.
Agribusiness Average Annual 1980s 90s 2000s 99-00
Entire Cropped Area Mln. Hectares – – 20.3 22.4 22.9 22.7
Wheat Production Mln. Tonnes – – 12.5 17.0 20.8 21.1
Rice “ “ – – 3.3 3.9 5.2 5.2
Sugarcane “ “ – – 33.1 44.6 50.5 46.3
Cotton “ Mln. Bales – – 6.3 9.7 11.6 11.2
Fertilizer Offtake Mln.N/Tonnes – – 1.4 2.3 3.3 2.8
Recognition Disbursed Bln. Rs – – 11.2 23.8 113.9 39.7
Beginning: Federal agency of Statistics, Government of Pakistan www.Finance.gov.pk
In the above statistics we can easy happen out that the addition in entire cropped country between 1980 boulder clay 2010 is merely 2 million hectares. In fact this addition was happened in 1990 but non after that. Land world is that deficiency of H2O direction is set uping the old green houses to abandon countries. Many countries in Sind and KPK states converted to barren Fieldss in these decennaries due to H2O deficits.
Wheat is the most of import basic nutrient point on the dining tabular arraies in Pakistan. But the addition in production from 1980 to 2010 is merely 68.8 % where as the population rose from 90 million to 180 million in the same period of clip.
Rice is the 2nd most of import basic nutrient point in Pakistan. The entire addition in production during the term of office of 1980 to 2010 is merely 57.5 % .
Sugar cane is another really of import trade good which produces sugar, intoxicant, ethyl alcohol, electricity. The entire addition is even lesser with contrast to wheat and rice in the same period of term of office which is merely 52.5 % .
Cotton is the most of import hard currency harvest of Pakistan. It generates about 7 billion dollars of foreign exchange and provides employment to 60 % of entire agri-labor. But increase in entire end product during this 30 twelvemonth term of office is merely 77.7 % .
The most of import negative factor is increase in creditors in agribusiness sector. In 1980 the entire recognition disbursed is 11.2 billion Rs. where as in 2010 the mean volume of recognition disbursed is 113 billion Rs. Which is 916 % more.
Second most unsafe figure is the volume of fertilisers consumed in 1980 the figure was 1.4 million tones. But in 2010 it is more than doubled to 3.3 million tones. 135 % addition, which is merely intolerable.
Deficits of Education installations
Education is the most of import investing in a state. In the history of Pakistan the rareness of this investing is rather seeable. On the other manus the impact of immense population growing make this investing thin and vulnerable.
Education Annual Average 1980s 1990s 2000s 99-00
Primary Schools 000 Nos. – – 88.8 143.5 155.2 162.1
Male “ – – 64.6 96.4 96.6 107.0
Female “ – – 24.2 47.1 58.6 55.0
Middle Schools “ – – 6.8 15.3 31.9 18.4
Male “ – – 4.6 8.8 16.7 10.9
Female “ – – 2.2 6.5 15.2 7.6
High Schools “ – – 5.4 10.6 18.6 12.6
Male “ – – 3.9 7.4 11.9 9.2
Female “ – – 1.5 3.2 6.7 3.4
Secondary/Vocational
Institutions Nos. – – 508.6 572.2 1623.8 612.0
Male – – 282.2 328.7 874.8 379.0
Female – – 235.2 243.5 749.0 233.0
Outgo as % of GNP – – 0.8 2.3 2.1 2.1
Literacy Rate Percent – – 29.5 40.7 52.6 47.1
Male – – 39.0 51.6 65.7 59.0
Female – – 18.7 28.6 41.4 35.4
Beginning: Federal agency of Statistics, Government of Pakistan www.Finance.gov.pk
If we review these statistics the first and the most black facet we discovered is the figure of schools, institutes and the budget with comparing to our population. 65 % of the entire population consisting the young person ( under 24 ) of Pakistan.
Addition in primary schools during the 1980 boulder clay 2010 is merely 74.77 % while in-between and high schools increase 369 % and 244 % severally. But the vocational institute addition is 219 % .
The entire figure of universities in 1980 was 20 and now the figure of universities and gazetted colleges are 147. But the Tokyo metropolis has more than 270 universities comparing is simple and easy.
The proportion of GNP we invested in instruction is merely 2.1 % . and the consequence of this literacy attempt is 52 % . But if we analyze the figure of college and university graduates the figure is really little less than 3 % of entire population.
In a state where population grew more than 100 % in 30 old ages. This little growing in schools and vocational institutes are merely non considerable.
Deficits of Health attention installations
In financial twelvemonth 09-10 will be ended on 30th June, the allotment for wellness federal budget is 6.5 billion. If we divide 6.5 billion Rs with 180 million the allotment available to put is merely 36.6 Rs per individual. This shows the magnitude of difference between what is traveling on and what should be done.
Health 60s 70s 80s 90s 2000s 99-00
Registered Doctors ( 000 Nos. ) 2.0 6.3 28.1 68.9 110.5 88.1
Registered Nurses “ – 2.9 9.9 24.1 49.0 36.0
Registered Dentists “ 0.2 0.7 1.4 2.8 6.1 3.9
Hospitals Numbers 380 521 651 823 912.6 879
Dispensaries ( 000 Nos. ) 1.7 2.8 3.5 4.3 4.6 4.6
Rural Health Centres “ – 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.5
Terbium Centres Numbers – 90 122 245 283.3 264.0
Beds in Hospitals
and Dispensaries 000 Nos. 25.5 38.4 55.6 83.8 99.1 92.2
Outgo on Health
as % of GNP – 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.7
Beginning: Federal agency of Statistics, Government of Pakistan www.Finance.gov.pk
These figures are incredible, in a state where the population is traversing 180 million grade. The registered physicians available boulder clay today is merely 110,500, and registered nurses are merely 49000. The mean physician handiness per individual is 1629 individuals per physician. It means a physician has to look into 55 patients a twenty-four hours. But the most alarming countries is the deficiency of nurses a nurse has to take attention 3673 individuals, 122 individuals per twenty-four hours.
In a state where the handiness of pure H2O and sanitation is still a inquiry grade and the handiness of paramedics is in shambles. How can such a little of figure of physicians and nurses provide the needed attending a patient needed.
Merely 99000 beds are available in all the infirmaries and dispensaries.
Deficits of Roads and other Civic Facilities ( Electricity/Gas /Phone /Water/Sanitation )
Transport & A ; Communications 60s 70s 80s 90s 2000s 99-00
Roadss 000 Km 70.5 74.1 123.8 279.3 255.3 248.3
Motor Vehicles on RoadMln.Nos. – 0.4 1.4 4.6 6.4 4.0
Post Offices 000 Nos. 7.1 9.0 11.8 15.8 12.3 12.8
Telephones Mln.Nos. 0.1 0.2 0.6 3.3 4.2 3.1
Mobile Phones Mln.Nos. – – – – 33.6
Beginning: Federal agency of Statistics, Government of Pakistan www.Finance.gov.pk
In Pakistan the handiness of roads, electricity, gas, phone, H2O, sanitation is ever designed and prepared on the political and admin demands. How of all time the Pakistan fundamental law abides the authorities to program and bring forth harmonizing to the demands of people of Pakistan. But the corrupt politicians, military, bureaucratism confined the common work forces in a trigon, where the most of import affair in any financial policy is the political substance of that peculiar authorities non the people of Pakistan.
The roads growing is rather good and Pakistan now have 255000 kilometers of roads. But what is the importance of roads in a state where the entire figure of vehicles are 6.4 million and more than half are 2 Wheelers. The investing harmonizing to correct policy and its will is clearly losing.
Methodology
Research Instrument
The survey is based on primary beginning of informations. Thus instrument used to carry on the research is Close Ended Questionnaire. Close Ended questionnaire floated in the industry and the commercial centres the mark population is the center and lower in-between common individuals in Karachi.
Sample and Data Collection
The sample was chosen on convenient trying.The sample size for this survey is 200 respondents from four ( 4 ) different localities of Karachi ( Gulshan-e-Iqbal, Gulistan-e-Johar, M.A. Jinnah Road, P.E.C.H.S ) . The questionnaire is designed on LIKERT graduated table and is analyzed through Correlation and Regression technique.
Data Analysis Methodology
Researcher used different analysis from SPSS i-e. mean, average, manner, t-test, REGRESSION ANALYSIS, CORRELATION. All these analysis confirmed the information from different angles and proved really utile.
Mean
The norm of a set of figures.
Median
The cardinal point in a group of observations arranged in a rise and falling order.
Manner
The most often happening figure in a information set.
t- Trial
A statistical trial that establishes a important average difference in a variable between two groups.
PEARSON ‘s Correlation
The Pearson Correlation matrix obtained for the five interval-scaled variables. The Pearson coefficient is appropriate for interval and ratio scaled variables.
REGRESSION ANALYSIS
The menace to internal cogency that consequences when assorted groups in the survey have been selected on the footing of their utmost tonss on some of import variables.
Model
Dependent Variable
Independent Variable
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
FAMILY SIZE
Urbanization
POPULATION GROWTH
Rate
RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT Rate
Hypothesis
We observed following Hypothesis from this survey: –
Family: –
H0: – The degree of Economic Development is low when Family size is less.
H1F: – The degree of Economic Development is high when Family size is high.
Urbanization: –
H0: – The degree of Economic Development is low when Urbanization is less.
H1U: – The degree of Economic Development is high when Urbanization is high.
Population: –
H0: – The degree of Economic Development is low when Population is low.
H1P: – The degree of Economic Development is high when Population is high.
Resource: –
H0: – The degree of Economic Development is low when resources are low.
H1R: – The degree of Economic Development is high when resources are high.
DATA ANALYSIS
R square F t- TEST Correlation
FAMILY 0.015 2.945 1.716 1.00
URBANIZATION 0.057 11.910 3.451.301*
POPULATION 0.077 16.555 4.069.355**
RESOURCES 0.007 1.374 1.172.206**
FAMILY SIZE
The Correlation value 1.00 shown there is no correlativity between household income and economic development of population growing. The value of t-test is 1.716 which is lower than 2.5 and due to that we accept the void hypothesis and Reject the alternate hypothesis.
Second R square is 0.015 which indicates that approximately 1 % of the fluctuation on the dependent variables is explained by the forecaster variables which are significantly low.
The F value is besides really low at 2.945 and does non falls in the critical part that average fluctuation of independent variables are non their.
Urbanization
The Correlation value.0301* shown there is small correlativity between urbanisation and economic development. The value of t-test is 3.451 which is higher than 2.5 that ‘s why We accept the alternate hypothesis and Reject the void hypothesis.
Second R square is 0.057 which indicates that shows the fluctuation on the dependent variables is explained by the forecaster variables which is significantly low.
The F value is besides really low at 11.910 and falls in the critical part that average fluctuation of independent variables are unequal.
POPULATION GROWTH RATE
The Correlation value.355** shown there is perfect positive correlativity between Population and economic development. The value of t-test is 6.342 which is higher than 2.5 that ‘s why We accept the Alternate hypothesis and Reject the void hypothesis.
The F value is high at 16.55 and falls in the critical part that average fluctuation of independent variables are unequal.
RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT Rate
The Correlation value.206** shown there is Perfect Positive correlativity between Resources and economic development. The value of t- trial is 1.172 which is lower than 2.5 due to we reject the Alternative hypothesis and accept the void hypothesis.
The F value is high at 1.374 and does non fall in the critical part that average fluctuation of independent variables are equal.
Decision
In this research we found out two really common consequences one time once more. First the importance of human resource development in modern economic development and second is the resource development.
Conversion of Population into human resource is the most of import key to all the economic factorisation. We have a 65 % youth population if we able to change over them in the human resource like China did in 60s we will be the biggest economic surprise like China.
Resources Development harmonizing to the demand and demands of people of Pakistan, so they can turn economically, socially, literally, and travel with modern universe of twenty-first century.
Following are the recommendations for the hereafter.
Government should do it illegal to hold more than 3 childs.
The handiness of free instruction for all must be implemented.
Health installations for all must be provided.
Government should supply fiscal support for those households who adopt lasting birth control.
Plan a development educational course of study for poorness afflicted countries.
Deduce a run sing size of the household is non the warrant of a better life but the quality of the household.
